Fenita
22211809
3EB09
ABOUT
THE TOEFL
HISTORY
TOEFL
The TOEFL test is a
registered trademark of Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) and administered
worldwide . This test was first given in 1964 and since then has been taken by
more than 23 million students . The test was originally developed at the Center
for Applied Linguistics led by the linguist , Dr. Charles A. Ferguson . TOEFL
Committee of Examiners is composed of 12 specialists in linguistics , language
testing , teaching or research . Its main responsibility is to advise on TOEFL
test content . This committee helps ensure the test is a valid measure of
English language proficiency reflecting current trends and methodologies .
TOEFL stands for Test Of English as a Foreign language . Toefl is a test used
to determine a person's ability berbahsa English . Toefl test started with a
project that digunakana ferguson to measure the ability of government employees
and students of language and since the 1960s The TOEFL test has been
administered by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) , an organization of international
testing standards . Test toefl test consists of reading , writing , listening
and speaking . Only the first test toefl paper based test and computer test ,
but since 2005 the internet -based test has largely replaced the previous two
tests . Time imposed for the TOEFL test as a whole approximately 150 minutes ,
for Paper and Pencil Based TOEFL , and about 240 minutes for the Computer Based
TOEFL . Time for Computer Based TOEFL is relatively long because it includes a
tutorial procedures.
DEFINITION
of TOEFL
A ) Definition TOEFL
stands for Test of English as a Foreign Of Language . TOEFL is a standardized
English language skills in writing a person ( de jure ) which covers four
aspects of mastery : Listening , Writing and Reading . TOEFL scoring system
using the conversion of each correct answer . The highest TOEFL score one could
achieve is 675 .
PURPOSE
of TOEFL
B ) The purpose of the
TOEFL Test TOEFL has two general objectives are: Academic and General . In
similar fashion , the certification may use the TOEFL recommendations for both.
- Academic test is use
for educational purposes , research or related academic activities abroad , or
in Indonesia . In order to graduate , usually a minimum value is 550 . while
for S1 is 500
- General is generally
used for the purpose of employment , promotion or job assignment . Many
companies that install standard English TOEFL employees to see the value -
its Generally, a minimum TOEFL score is
500 for promotion standards .
As far as I see, the
range of average TOEFL score - average Indonesian people with minimal education
level S1 is very volatile . There are even some who do not know what it is and
for what TOEFL ( they read : " tufl " ) . Not so with the makers of
English majors in college . At a minimum they know , what the TOEFL . However,
a TOEFL score or graduate student majoring in English does not guarantee high .
In some cases recruiment times , I found several applicants obtain TOEFL scores
of 300 , whereas in the proposal , which is concerned alumni of an ABA (
Foreign Language Academy ) . While in general , fluctuations in average TOEFL -
ratanya ranged from 300 to 600 .
Is the TOEFL English
language skills guarantee a person a person ?
Generally , people
understand that the English language is speaking , conversation , cas cis cus
and so on . English cover 4 main skills : Listening ( digestion words through
hearing ) , Writing ( digestion words through writing and grammar ) , reading (
digestive meaning of a text language ) and Speaking ( able to pronounce it ) .
Speaking of language
acquisition , it can not be separated from the control of the four skills last
, perfectly . However , many people believe , what is important is the ability
to say it , even with the most tolerant grammar and word choice potluck meet
and origin .
For example :
John : Would you drive
me to the hospital ?
U.S. : Better go now
....
Of the meaning of the
conversation , the speech had an understanding . But we also know , the quality
of a person is known by the way he speaks , especially the use of diction (
choice of words ) . .
BACKGROUND
TOEFL
Foreign language skills
in the age of globalization this is very important . All areas of life today
requires a mastery of foreign languages , including the education sector .
Test of English As A Foreign Language ( TOEFL ) is a test to test the English
language skills to countries that do not use English as their daily language .
TOEFL is a measure of trust in one's ability to speak English states . If the
first TOEFL is only used when applying for a scholarship to study abroad , the
TOEFL is also used today as one of the requirements to complete graduation
requirements or at least to be able to follow a particular education level . To
be able to complete the degree S - 1 , the minimum TOEFL score is 400 , while
for the S - 2 degree requires a minimum TOEFL score of 450 , and for the S - 3
is 500 . In achieving a minimum TOEFL score that has been set , then not all
students or prospective students are able to achieve it . Moreover, English is
not a familiar language used in the culture of Indonesia . This eventually lead
to problems for students to be able to continue their studies or in getting
their degree . Often students pending completion or continuation of studies just
because it has not take off TOEFL . It also occurs in the Graduate School of
Education UNMUL which requires a minimum TOEFL score of 450 as a graduation
requirement . There are many graduate students Educational UNMUL who have
managed to achieve a minimum TOEFL score . TOEFL and English is a foreign thing
in Indonesia . So to be able to take off TOEFL with memorizing or learning
grammar desperately also not an appropriate strategy . So the introduction of
the TOEFL and tips and tricks to take off was the real TOEFL required . More
familiar with the TOEFL , assessment scores , question types are even tips and
tricks for melulusinya , then the student will have more preparation and is
expected to enable them to pass the TOEFL Based in Washington , DC , Center for
Applied Linguistics ( CAL ) is a nonprofit organization committed to
researching the relationship between language and culture was established in
1959 , is the first director of the Charles A. Ferguson ( 1921-1998 , who had
been given a similar program in the Middle East and taught as a professor at
Harvard University . Ferguson guided the center to develop practical solutions
applied to language and literacy concerns of international and national
governments . Origin Ferguson one early project was to develop a test that will
measure the command language ESL (English - as-a - Second - Language) students
and government employees have . Ferguson and fellow applied linguistics
researchers developed the TOEFL test during the first five years of CAL . in 1964
, the first official TOEFL test taken pusat.Pembangunan Since the late 1960s ,
the TOEFL test has been administered by Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) ,
an organization of international testing standards . According to ETS , between
1964 and 2008 , 24 million people , mostly international students , have taken
the test . Introduced in 2005 , the internet -based test format has replaced
the computer -based and paper-based , with the results of computer-based orders
are no longer valid in 2006 .
Since 1998 , the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer ( Computer -
based Testing / CBT ) , and since 2005 called the iBT ( Internet - based Test )
. In places that have not been able to implement CBT or iBT ( because there is
no computer facilities and internet network ) , the TOEFL test is still
conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT ) . More
information about the test CBT and paper-based TOEFL relating to registration ,
venue , cost , and test preparation materials can be found on the official
website of TOEFL , http://www.toefl.org ( CBT version of the TOEFL exam results
have value ranges from 0 to 300 , while the value for the iBT is from 0 to 120
) [ 1 ] .
Lately organizers also hold a TOEFL test TWE type of test ( Test of Written
English ) which results in value apart from the value of the TOEFL test . The
test takes 30 minutes , and participants will be asked to write a short essay
that describes the ability of participants to express and pour an idea or ideas
, as well as supporting the idea that the examples found in everyday life in
the English language that standard . Another type of test is TSEP TOEFL ( Test
of Spoken English Program ) which is similar to the individual parts of the
interview on the IELTS test . They are usually used when we want to register as
a teaching assistant or lab assistant ( as one way to offset the cost of
tuition ) in universias in the U.S. ( or other countries ) . Form of tests
conducted orally and lasts for approximately 20 minutes . Implementation time
and the deadline for registration is the same as the other TOEFL test .
